Vowels: Standard - 'u' as in 'put', 'e' as in ‘pet’, 'a' as in 'path' or 'car', i’ as in ‘hit’. Variation - when 'a' follows a 'w' and is followed by an ‘m’, 'n', ‘ng’, ‘ny’ or ‘r’ it is 'a' as in 'war'. Variation - 'e' followed by 'l' or 'r' is 'e' as in 'fern'. Variation - 'e' followed by ‘m’, ‘n’, ‘ng’, ‘ny’ in the same syllable and is not immediately followed by a vowel it is long and slightly nasalised (see 'wemba').
Consonant combination - 'ng' (velar-nasal) combine 'n' and 'g' while back of tongue touches soft palate plus nasal vibration, - 'ny' (palato-nasal) combine 'n' and 'y' while top of tongue touches hard palate plus nasal vibration. - 'ty' (palatal stop) - combine 't' and 'y' while tip and blade of tongue touches hard palate and stops the breath. (Note: 'tch' is close but different to 'ty'.) (Avoid the English 'tee' as in 'city'.)