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| Kakat-kity withən-kuk. |
A white ibis's feather |
lit. 'white-ibis'-owns feather-its.
Shows - two noun endings : - '-kity' an 'owner ending' (or 'genitive case' ending) which is added to the name of something alive that 'owns' something,
- '(k)uk' a 'possessive ending' to show that the object is owned by 'he/she/it'.
Pronunciation - 'kah-kaht-kity wiid-ən-kuuk'. (all vowels are standard, the 'ty' consonant is a 'palatal stop' ie tip of tongue touches hard palate above top teeth, avoid saying 'kitty' )
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| Kalayak kinyam peng. |
Ask this man |
lit. kayala (to ask), ak (ordering one person to do something), kinyam (this), peng (man).
Shows - imperative singular ending (ak) on the end of the verb 'kalaya' (to ask). ('ak' is used when the action (ask) is 'done to something' otherwise the 'i' ending is used).
Duplicate: 1) start with a verb eg 'wurreka' (to speak), 2) add the imperative ending 'ak' giving 'Wurrekak', 3) add 'kinyam' (this), 4) add the person eg 'wuthu payinguk' (young boy), 'Wurrekak kinyam wuthu payingguk' is 'Speak to this young boy!'.
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| Kalayinyanda kuyinggurrek. |
I will ask my mother |
lit. ask-will-I mother-my. To the verb 'kalaya' (to ask, to question) has been added the future tense ending (iny) and the person ending for I (anda).
Shows: tense ending on verb (iny - future tense) coming before person ending (anda - I).
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| Kalinandarr. |
I love you |
Lit. - Kalina (to love) + anda (I) + arr (you singular).
Shows: verb with added subject and object endings. The tense ending 'a' (present tense) in 'kalina' is hidden by the subject ending 'anda'.
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| Kalinandin. |
He/she/it loves me |
Simple sentence consisting of - kalina (he/she/it loves), andin (me). Demonstrates subject and object endings endings added to verb (kalina). The subject ending 'a' (he, she, it) has been hidden or replaced by the 'a' in 'andin' (me).
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| Kalinbula karri-kurk-pula-ku netball. |
Those two teenage girls love netball |
lit. love-those-two teenage-girls-two-doer netball.
Shows: dual, exclusive person marker 'bula' is added to 'kalina' (to love) because they are not being spoken to. The 'doer' marker 'ku' is added to the teenage girls because they do the action 'loving'.
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| Kalintyerrangurr. |
We all love one another |
To the verb stem 'kalintyerra' has been added 'angurr' (we). (The 'angurr' ending includes the person being spoken to so is a reasonable word for 'we all'.)
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| Kalipangan. |
They are gathering up their belongings |
To 'kalipa' (to gather up ones belongings) has been added 'ang' (happening now) and 'an' (they). Demonstrates tense ending 'ang' (present tense) before possessive ending 'an' (they).
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| Kalipinangurr larnangurrakang Tamatyerri-tawa. |
We packed up our camp beside Tamatyerri Creek |
Sentence demonstrating use of the noun ending '-tawa' meaning towards or beside an object or place.
Lit. - packedup-we camp-ours(exclusive) Tamatyerri-beside
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| Kalpin kanakuk. |
He/she/it cut his/her/its heel |
Lit. to cut + (past tense) heel-his/her/its.
Shows: simple statement beginning with verb (kalpa) with third person subject (a) hidden by past tense ending (in) and the object or 'done to' word 'kanakuk' (his, her its heel).
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| Kalpin kukaku panem. |
Grandma cut the damper |
lit. cut-past grandmother-doer damper. Demonstrates use of 'subject' or 'do-er' word ending 'ku' to show that 'kuka' did the cutting. (Context would have inferred this but the use of 'ku' is a distinctive Wamba Wamba language technique.)
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| Kalpindak kinyam wanap! |
Cut up this firewood |
lit. cut (kalpa)-past tense (in) -order(singular)(dak), this-one(kinya or kinyam), firewood wanap). Demonstrates an instruction or order to one person.
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| Kalpən wuthu payingguk karkuk. |
The boy's leg is broken |
lit. broken (kalpən) (past participle), boy (wuthu payingguk), leg-his (karkuk).
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| Kanerra-kat kumbap! |
Let him sleep! |
lit. let/allow-definitely sleep-in order to. Demonstrates use of the imperative verb ending 'kat' ('definitely' or 'indeed') and the 'in order to' ending 'ap' (kumba - to sleep, kumbap - in order to sleep). The sentence implies 'be quiet' or 'go away' 'so we can let him sleep'.
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| Kanintyila wa-ku nyunya mirkuk-para. |
That crow over there is always stealing eggs |
lit. always going around stealing (kanintyila), crow-doer (wa-ku), that-one-over-there (nyunya) eggs (mirkuk-para)
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| Kanyengkin. |
He/she coughed |
lit. he/she/it coughs/ed. Demonstrates simple sentence with verb 'kanyenga' (to cough) with a hidden subject ending 'a' and the past tense ending '(k)in'.
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| Karndangurr. |
We shout |
Simple action word sentence with 'karnda' (to shout or yell) plus the plural, first person, inclusive marker 'angurr'. 'karndangurr' could also mean 'we all shout'.
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| Karndəlinbula. |
Those two kept shouting |
lit. keepshouting-kept-those two. Demonstrates a simple one word sentence with the verb, or action word, 'karndəla' (to keep shouting) with the past tense ending 'in' and 'bula' the 'they or those two ending'.
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| Karrengin yandang-ku katən. |
I spilt the water |
lit. - 'spill-spilt I-doer water.' This sentence uses the pronoun subject version for 'I' ie 'yandang' rather than adding 'andang' to the verb 'karrenga' (to spill). '-ku' is added to 'yandang' to show that I am the 'doer' of the action.
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| Karrinyuk-murreng. |
Big head |
lit. his big (or wide) head
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| Karrinyuk-yawirr. |
Big fish |
lit. karrinyuk (big, wide), yawirr (general term for fish)
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| Karriyapert-para nyetenyiny tarn perrpuk. |
The single men will play 'football' tomorrow |
Karriyapert (single man) + -para (plural 'men'), 'nyetenya' (to play) + 'iny' (future tense ending - will play), 'tarn' (ball game), 'perrpuk' (tomorrow).
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| Karrurrayi yanggang payalkata. |
Black Tailed Waterhen is walking in the swamp |
Karrurrayi (Black-tailed waterhen) yangga (to walk) yanggang (walking) payal (swamp) payalkata (in the swamp). Demonstrates a simple sentence and the noun ending 'kata' which indicates that the action (walking) is done 'right in' - 'payalkata' (in the swamp).
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| Karrwitku kalipang kuma tyekilkal. |
A Marsh Tern is collecting food on the lake |
Karrwit (Marsh Tern) karrwitku (doer ending) kalipa (to collect) kalipang (collecting) kuma (food) tyekilka (lake) tyekilkal (on the lake). Demonstrates subject or 'do-er' ending 'ku' and 'kal' noun ending to show that the action is done 'on something'. Demonstrates a 'normal statement' with transitive verb, subject, object & location.
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| Karə-kurrk-ku wirrəkin pungurt palenga nyengga munga mityat-para. |
The young woman carried rushes to the log to sit and make baskets. |
lit. young-woman-subject(doer) carry-carried rushes log-towards to sit to make basket-plural
Shows noun endings 1) 'ku' (karə-kurrk-ku) to show 'do-er' or the action or subject, 2) '(k)a' (palenga) to show the action 'wirrəkin' (carried) is done towards the noun (to a log), 3) 'para' (mityat-para) to show plural (baskets). Shows verb past tense ending 'in' added to 'wirrəka' (to carry) - the 'in' replaces the 'a' present tense ending.
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| Kathanganda yannginy. |
I'll go for a walk later. |
Lit. later-I walk-will. When an adverb eg 'kathang' is head word in a sentence, the person ending, eg 'anda', usually transfers from the verb to the adverb.
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| Kathəlangurr manyə. |
We all clap hands together |
Lit. kathəl (clapping hands) angurr (we all) manyə (hand)
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| Katyina yanggin. |
He couldn't walk |
Lit. 'Katyina' (unable-he) 'yangg(a)+in (walked). Katyina is an auxiliary verb. 'It is usually the head-word in a sentence and takes the bound subject marker while the main verb shows only the tense.'
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| Katyinanda karrka purrkən. |
I can't catch breath |
lit. katyina (to be unable) + anda (I), karrak (to grab or to catch), purrkən (breath). Demonstrates use of the auxiliary verb 'katyina' plus the 'subject' or 'do-er' marker 'anda' (I).
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